Neutral Air Turbulence in the Mesosphere and Associated Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes (PMSEs)

The first true common volume observations of the PMSE source region with 4 radars are presented in this paper. Radar frequencies 8, 56, 224, and 930 MHz used study. Three days experimental at EISCAT presented. Numerical simulations mesospheric dusty/ice plasma associated observed radar effect neutral air turbulence on generation strength density perturbations using four presence various dust parameters is investigated. Using model it shown that well-known heavy particles combined (dusty turbulence) can largely explain cross-section frequencies. amplitude along charging diffusion investigated computational model. Specifically, response to time scales, fluctuation background dusty discussed. Several key responsible for determined. Qualitative comparison echo numerical results provided. Unlike previous studies required large 20 nm formation, present work demonstrates possibility small observations.